• Effects of social rejection
  • Comparing social and physical pain
  • Peer rejection
  • Rejection sensitivity
  • Neural correlates of perceived social status
  • Neural correlates of stigma
  • Self-consciousness
  • Embarrassment

Effects of Social Rejection

Why rejection hurts: a common neural alarm system for physical and social pain.
Naomi I Eisenberger, Matthew D Lieberman (2004)
Trends in cognitive sciences 8 (7) p. 294-300
why_rejection_hurts_tics.pdf
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Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain. 
Kross, E., Berman, M. G., Mischel, W., Smith, E. E., & Wager, T. D. (2011).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(15), 6270-6275.
social_rejection-physical_pain_2011.pdf
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An experimental study of shared sensitivity to physical pain and social rejection. 
Eisenberger, N. I., Jarcho, J. M., Lieberman, M. D., & Naliboff, B. D. (2006). Pain, 126(1-3), 132-138.
The Heartbreak of Social Rejection: Heart Rate Deceleration in Response to Unexpected Peer Rejection 
Bregtje Gunther Moor, Eveline A. Crone and Maurits W. van der Molen 
Psychological Science. Published online 9 August 2010
heartbreak_of_rejection.pdf
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Is Rejection Painful? Actually, It Is - Studied  
NYTimes.com
by Pamela Paul 
May 13, 2011
New research suggests the sting of social rejection may be more like the ouch! of physical pain than previously understood.
Psychology Today
Social Rejection Can Fuel Creativity
Social rejection fuels creativity for people with an independent mindset.
August 24, 2012 by Scott Barry Kaufman, Ph.D. in Beautiful Minds
The lasting effect of words on feelings: words may facilitate exposure effects to threatening images.
Golnaz Tabibnia, Matthew D Lieberman, Michelle G Craske (2008)
Emotion  8 (3) p. 307-17
words_hurt.pdf
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Does low self-esteem enhance social pain? The relationship between trait self-esteem and anterior cingulate cortex activation induced by ostracism.
Keiichi Onoda, Yasumasa Okamoto, Ken'ichiro Nakashima, Hiroshi Nittono, Shinpei Yoshimura, Sigeto Yamawaki, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Mitsuhiro Ura (2010) Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 5 (4) p. 385-91
does_low_self-esteem_enhance_social_pain
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The face of rejection: rejection sensitivity moderates dorsal anterior cingulate activity to disapproving facial expressions.
Lisa J Burklund, Naomi I Eisenberger, Matthew D Lieberman (2007)
Social neuroscience 2 (3-4) p. 238-53
rejection_and_disapproval_07.pdf
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Emotion Dysregulation as a Mechanism Linking Peer 
Victimization to Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents 
Katie A. McLaughlin, Mark L. Hatzenbuehler, and Lori M. Hilt 
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 October ; 77(5): 894–904.
peer_victimization_and_emotion_dysregulation.pdf
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Social Exclusion in Middle Childhood: Rejection Events, Slow-wave Neural Activity and Ostracism Distress
Michael J. Crowley, Jia Wu, Peter J. Molfese, Linda C. Mayes.
Soc Neurosci. 2010 October; 5(5-6): 483–495.
doi:  10.1080/17470919.2010.500169
social_exclusion_in_middle_childhood.pdf
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The Sociology of Social Inclusion
Dan Allman
SAGE Open January-March 2013 vol. 3 no. 1 
doi: 10.1177/2158244012471957
the_sociology_of_social_inclusion_.pdf
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Neural Correlates of Stigma and Status

Mental representations of social status.
Joan Y Chiao, Andrew R Bordeaux, Nalini Ambady (2004)
Cognition 93 (2) p. B49-57
social_status_mental_represent.pdf
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On the wrong side of the trolley track: neural correlates of relative social valuation.
Cikara, M., Farnsworth, R. a, Harris, L. T., & Fiske, S. T. (2010). Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 5(4), 404-13. 
on_the_wrong_side_of_the_trolley_track.pdf
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The good, the bad, and the ugly: an fMRI investigation of the functional anatomic correlates of stigma.
Anne C Krendl, C Neil Macrae, William M Kelley, Jonathan a Fugelsang, Todd F Heatherton (2006)
Social neuroscience 1 (1) p. 5-15
neural_correlates_of_stigma.pdf
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Effects of Peer Rejection

The outcast-lash-out effect in youth: alienation increases aggression following peer rejection. 
Reijntjes, A., Thomaes, S., Bushman, B. J., Boelen, P. A., De Castro, B. O., & Telch, M. J. (2010). Psychological Science, 21(10), 1394-1398
outcast_lash-out_effect_in_youth.pdf
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Neural correlates of social exclusion during adolescence: understanding the distress of peer rejection.
Masten, C. L., Eisenberger, N. I., Borofsky, L. A., Pfeifer, J. H., McNealy, K., Mazziotta, J. C., & Dapretto, M. (2009). Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 4(2), 143-157.

Embarrassment

The Upside to Embarrassment 
Association for Psychological Science 
Oct 5, 2011 – A recent study by psychologists at the University of California, Berkeley found that people who are easily embarrassed are more likely to be trusted than individuals who are harder to fluster.
How Embarrassing: Researchers Pinpoint Self-Consciousness in the Brain
Scientific American 
Oct 12, 2011
The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (purple) may be the seat of self-consciousness in the brain.