Understanding and Overcoming Hate
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  • Overview
    • Site Contents
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    • Features
    • Future Developments
    • Index of All Topics
    • Index of All Links
    • Links to all slideshows
  • Understanding Hate
    • Introduction
    • What is Hate? >
      • Hate as an Emotion >
        • Papers: Hate as an Emotion
      • Hate as a Belief >
        • Papers: Hate as Belief
      • Hate as an Act >
        • Papers: Hate as an Act
      • Hate as a Policy >
        • Papers: Hate as Policy
    • The Roots of Hate >
      • Early Imprints >
        • When Needs are Not Met
        • Papers; Not Meeting Needs
      • What Are We Doing To Our Children? >
        • Children in Dire Circumstances
      • Effects of Trauma and Abuse >
        • Papers: Stress Effects
        • Papers: Trauma Abuse Effects
        • Links: Stress, Trauma Research
      • Causes and Effects of Bullying
      • Trauma, bigotry, violence linked
      • Authoritarian Upbringings >
        • Papers: Authoritarian Roots
        • Papers: SDO and Authoritarianism
      • Absolutism and Insularity >
        • Papers: Absolutism
      • Papers: Early Roots of Prejudice
      • Impaired Cognition >
        • Papers: Impaired Cognition
      • The Violent Brain >
        • Papers: Violent Brain
      • Roots of Violence and Cruelty >
        • Chart: Powderkeg Formula
        • Papers: Roots of Violence
        • Articles and Blog Posts
      • Ghosts of the Past >
        • Ripples of revenge
        • Papers: Ghosts of the Past
    • How Hate Manifests >
      • Chart
      • Everyday Hate >
        • Papers: Social Rejection
        • Papers: Bullying
      • Social Injustice and Discrimination >
        • Papers: Discrimination
        • Papers: Inequality
        • Articles: Inequality Effects
        • Articles: Cognitive Exhaustion
        • "White" Privilege
      • Stereotyping and Caricature >
        • Papers: Stereotyping
        • Stereotyping
      • Prejudice, Racism and Bigotry >
        • Articles and Blog Posts
        • Papers: Prejudice Racism
        • Papers: Skin color and face
        • Papers: InGroup Outgroup
        • Papers: Implicit Bias
        • Evolutionary Issues >
          • More blog posts
      • Dehumanizing >
        • Views about the outsider
        • Papers: Dehumanizing
      • Hate Crimes >
        • Papers: Hate Crimes
      • Hate Groups >
        • Links: Hate Groups Research
        • Papers and news: Hate Groups
      • Abuse of Power >
        • Papers: Abuse of Power
        • Evil Men: Tyrants, Dictators
        • Blogs and news
        • Articles: SDO and RWA
      • Xenophobia >
        • Papers: Xenophobia
      • Collective Rage >
        • Papers: Collective Violence
      • Extremism >
        • Papers: Terrorism
        • Papers: Extremism
      • Cruelty on Mass Scale >
        • Links
        • Papers: Cruelty on mass scale
    • Hate in the News >
      • News: Hate in America
      • News: Hate Trends Worldwide
      • Extremism: Current Trends: News
      • Authoritarianism Trends
    • Group Influence >
      • Search for Belonging >
        • Papers: Search for Belonging
      • Social Cognition and Learning >
        • Papers: Fairness
        • Papers: Social Cognition
      • Group Think >
        • Papers: Intergroup Dynamics
        • Papers: Group Think
      • Status and Stigma >
        • Papers: Status and Stigma
      • Conformity >
        • Papers: Conformity
      • Obedience and Compliance >
        • Papers: Obedience
      • Bystander Effect
    • Social Defenses >
      • Papers: Social Defenses
      • System Justification >
        • Papers: System Justification
      • Projection >
        • Papers: Projection
      • Denial >
        • Papers: Denial
        • Examples of Denial
        • Papers: Denialism
      • Attribution and Comparison >
        • Attribution Fallacies
        • Papers: Attribution
      • Cognitive Dissonance >
        • Papers: Cognitive Dissonance
    • Fanning the Flames >
      • Media and Persuasion
      • Papers: Persuasion
      • Papers: Indoctrination
      • Papers: Hate Speech
      • Papers: Attitude change
      • News: Cyberhate
      • Links
      • Media Effects in the News
      • Persuasion: Blog Posts and Articles
    • How We Fool Ourselves >
      • Mechanisms: Cognitive Biases and Heuristics >
        • Papers: Brain Tricks
        • Biases: Blogs and Articles
        • Biases organized
      • On Being Wrong
      • Probability and Decision-Making Biases >
        • Papers and articles
      • Memory Distortions >
        • Papers: Memory illusions
      • Perceptual Illusions >
        • Papers: Perceptual Illusions
        • Illusions: Blog Posts and Articles
      • Self-Deception >
        • Papers: Self-deception
      • Delusion, Confabulation >
        • Papers: Delusions
        • Papers: False Beliefs
      • Conspiracy Theories
      • Papers: Neural mechanisms mystical states
      • Brain and Spirituality: Articles
    • Brain and Belief >
      • What is a Belief? >
        • Papers: Belief Formation
        • Papers: Automaticity
      • Perception and Processing >
        • Papers: Perception
      • Salience and Tagging >
        • Papers: Salience
        • Papers: Essentialism
      • Creating Categories >
        • Papers: Categorizing
      • Cognitive Unconscious
      • Embodied Cognition >
        • Papers: Embodied Cognition
      • Emotion Cognition Interplay >
        • Papers
      • Creating a Story about the World >
        • Papers: Story Creation
      • Investing in Cherished Beliefs >
        • Papers
      • Identifying Self with Belief >
        • Papers
      • Search for Meaning >
        • Papers: Meaning
    • Search for Certainty >
      • Dogmatic Beliefs
      • Belief Perseverance
      • Papers: Feeling of Knowing
      • Papers: Rigid Dogmatic thinking
    • Index: All Biases, Distortions and Influences
  • Overcoming Hate
    • Overview of Topics
    • Introduction
    • Prevention >
      • Meeting Formative Needs of Children >
        • Papers: Child and Brain Development
        • Papers: nurturing, attachment bonding
        • Links: Development
      • Promoting Parental readiness >
        • Papers
        • Links: Helping Parents
      • Supporting Healthy Families >
        • Papers
      • Enhancing Resilience >
        • Papers
      • Cultivating Empathy and Conscience >
        • Roots of Morality
        • Empathic Imagination
        • Mirror Neurons
        • Empathy Programs
        • Links: Empathy
      • All papers: Morality and Empathy >
        • Papers: Roots of Morality and Conscience
        • Papers: Empathy Altruism Compassion
        • Articles, Posts: Empathy
        • Papers: Moral Decision-Making
        • Papers: Moral Cognition
        • Papers: Mirror Neurons
        • Articles: Prosocial Behavior
      • Long-Term Social Investment >
        • Papers
    • Education >
      • Enhancing Emotional and Social Skills >
        • Papers: Emotional Intelligence
        • Papers: Social Cooperation
        • Links: emotional development
      • Building Reflective Minds >
        • Critical Thinking >
          • Papers: Critical Thinking
        • Metacognition >
          • Papers: Metacognition
        • Perceiving Bias >
          • Papers: Perceiving Bias
        • Creative and Lateral Thinking >
          • Papers: Creative Thinking
        • Mindfulness >
          • Papers: Mindfulness
          • Blogs and articles
        • Interoception >
          • Papers: Interoception
        • Fluid and Flexible >
          • Papers: Fluid Intelligence
      • Cross-cultural Awareness >
        • Links: Cross-Cultural
        • Papers: Cultural Neuroscience
        • Articles: Cultural Awareness
      • Media Awareness >
        • Links
        • Papers
      • Teaching an Honest History >
        • Papers
        • Links: Honest History
      • Civic Engagement and Social Responsibility >
        • Papers
      • Ethics Training >
        • Papers
      • Whole Child Learning >
        • Papers
    • Intervention >
      • Social Support and Inclusion >
        • Papers: Social Support
      • Helping Children in Dire Conditions >
        • Papers: Helping children
      • Preventing Violence and Bullying >
        • Anti-bullying programs and resources
        • Helping At-Risk Kids
        • Papers on helping kids
      • Standing Up To Prejudice, Racism, and Bigotry >
        • Papers: Reducing Prejudice
        • Articles: Reducing Prejudice
        • Papers: Stopping hate crimes
        • Papers: Offsetting Extremism
        • Programs and Projects
        • Hatebraker Examples: News
      • Training Our Protectors >
        • Papers: Training Protectors
      • Healing the Hurt >
        • Papers: Healing Hurt
        • Articles and Blog Posts
      • Educating Our Leaders >
        • Papers: Educating Leaders
      • Resolving Conflict >
        • Papers: Resolving Conflict
        • Programs and articles
      • Israel-Palestine >
        • Papers: Israel-Palestine
        • News and blog posts
      • Promoting Dignity >
        • Links: Human Rights
        • Papers: Human Rights
      • Healing the Ghosts of the Past >
        • Papers: Reconciliation
      • Restorative Justice >
        • Papers: Restorative Justice
      • Confronting Mass Atrocities >
        • Papers: Confronting War Crimes
    • Social Advances >
      • Charters and Declarations
      • Slideshow: Social Advances
      • Links: social advances history
      • Timelines: Social Advances
    • More Solutions >
      • Classroom Tools
      • Organizations
      • Programs and Projects
      • Effective Models
  • Resources
    • Academic Papers: Topic Index
    • Background: Sciences Related to Hate >
      • Related Sciences of Hate
      • Social Psychology Subtopics
      • Brain and Life Sciences
      • New Research Tools
      • Links: Brain Mapping
      • Process of Science
      • What is Good Science?
      • Links: Understanding Science
      • Papers: About Good Science
    • Science Links
    • Timelines of Knowledge >
      • Index of all Pioneers
      • Timeline: Early Pioneers
      • Timeline: Group Psychology
      • Timeline: Prejudice
      • Timeline: Persuasion
      • Timeline: Social Psychology Pioneers
      • Timeline: Authoritarianism
      • Timeline: Scientific bias
    • Researchers and Experts >
      • Developmental Foundations
      • Moral Cognition, Empathy
      • Search for Meaning
      • Search for Belonging
      • Search for Certainty
      • Ghosts of the Past
      • Breaking Cycle of Hate: Solutions
    • Other Research and Studies >
      • Syllabi
      • Bibliographies
      • Our Syllabi
    • Recommendations >
      • Books: Topic Overview >
        • Development
        • Empathy, Morality
        • Brain and Belief
        • Tricks of Mind
        • Stress, Trauma, Violence
        • Prejudice, Racism, Stereotyping
        • Overcoming Prejudice, Racism
        • Historical Insight
        • Human Rights Abuses
        • Seminal Works
      • Journals and Magazines
      • Films and Videos
    • Timeline of Hate >
      • Links: Historical Injustice
      • History of Hate in America: articles
      • Index of Historical Injustice
  • Tools
    • Links: Games and Exercises
    • Self-Awareness Tools >
      • What Parents Can do
      • Learning about our Labels
    • Blog
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Mao, Stalin, Hitler, Assad: What is a Dictator?
From www.valuewalk.com - December 11, 2014
What is a dictator, or an authoritarian? I’ll bet you think you know. But perhaps you don’t. Sure, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong were dictators. So were Saddam Hussein and both Hafez and Bashar al Assad. But in many cases the situation is not that simple and stark. In many cases the reality — and the morality — of the situation is far more complex.


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Which dictator killed the most people? (Infographic) | AgainstCronyCapitalism.org

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The Lives of Dictators’ Wives
From www.psmag.com - September 15, 2013
The fancy clothes and charitable works aren't incidental: The dictator’s spouse is an important part of maintaining power.


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From the archive, 30 October 1922: Editorial: Fascists triumph in Italy
From www.theguardian.com - October 30, 2014  
Signor Benito Mussolini belongs to the new school which knows better than the people what the people wants.

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The CIA's Secret Psychological Profiles of Dictators and World Leaders Are Amazing: Psychoanalyzing strongmen, from Castro to Saddam.—By Dave Gilson
Mother Jones: Feb. 11, 2015


Asia


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North Korea Congratulates Syria’s Brutal Dictator On His Recent ‘Election’
From thinkprogress.org - June 5, 2014
Syrian President Bashar Assad gestures as he speaks during an interview
After winning an election, most world leaders can expect a phone call from their counterparts around the world to congratulate them on their victory.

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Understanding Kim Jong Un, The World’s Most Enigmatic and Unpredictable Dictator
Vanity Fair: March 2015

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There can only be one Kim Jong Un
From www.cbsnews.com - December 3, 2014
S. Korean official says North Korean dictator has followed in father's footsteps with extreme measure to ensure family stature

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Kim Jong Un: Erased?
From www.thedailybeast.com -October 10, 2014 
He was a no-show once again today at an event he normally wouldn’t dare miss. If he does resurface after his ‘leg injury,’ here’s how we’ll know if his enemies have gotten to him.



Eastern Europe and Former USSR Republics


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Jennifer Lopez apologizes for Turkmenistan show
From www.salon.com - July 1, 2013 
The singer performed "Happy Birthday" for the country's dictator, President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

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Palace of the damned dictator: The Ceausescu trail
From edition.cnn.com - December 5, 2014
25 years after the death of Romania's communst dictator, tourism is helping heal old wounds.


Africa


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Ethiopians Jailed for Protesting Italy’s ‘Butcher of Ethiopia’ Memorial · Global Voices
From globalvoicesonline.org - March 23, 2013 
A group of protesters were detained in Ethiopia after demonstrating against a small Italian village's publicly funded memorial to Rodolfo Graziani, a general under fascist Italian dictator Benito Mussolini whose war-time atrocities earned him the...


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Muammar Gaddafi’s sexual crimes
From www.salon.com - September 22, 2013
Libyan dictator raped women, held them captive. His security director shares harrowing, previously secret details

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Inside Gaddafi's Harem: Book Reveals Sex Secrets of Former Libyan Dictator
From www.ibtimes.co.uk - August 25, 2013
French journalist's book reveals Colonel Gaddafi ordered kidnap of schoolgirls for use as sex slaves.


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Pray the Devil Back to Hell: Women, War & Peace in Liberia | Women, War and Peace | PBS
From www.pbs.org - June 14, 2013
Pray the Devil Back to Hell is the astonishing story of the Liberian women who took on the warlords and regime of dictator Charles Taylor in the midst of a brutal civil war, and won a once unimaginable peace for their shattered country in 2003.

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Charles Taylor Fast Facts
From edition.cnn.com - January 25, 2105
Here's a look at the life of Charles Taylor, former president of Liberia and convicted war criminal.

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Charles Taylor Manipulated West African Values 
From www.nytimes.com - October 17, 2014 
In Charles Taylor's rise and fall, one can glean the story of West Africa, a history of death, turmoil and tragedy.

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Senegal: Hissène Habré in Police Custody | Human Rights Watch
From www.hrw.org - July 4, 2013 
(Dakar) – The placing of Hissène Habré, Chad’s former dictator, into police custody in Senegal on June 30 is a milestone in the long campaign to bring him to justice.

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Chad: 1,000 Join Lawsuit Against Ex-Chad Dictator Habre
From allafrica.com - July 17, 2013 
[VOA]A lawyer says more than 1,000 people have joined a lawsuit against former Chadian dictator Hissene Habre, who is facing trial in Senegal.


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Zimbabwe: Grace Mugabe Cursed Journalist Heidi Holland to Suicide with Help ... - International Business Times UK
From www.ibtimes.co.uk - October 20, 2014
Wife of Zimbabwean dictator says she prayed God to punish Dinner with Mugabe author Heidi Holland.

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Zimbabwe's Mugabe Skirts Raging Succession Battle 
From www.businessinsider.com - October 30, 2014 

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Zimbabwe: Mugabe's Wife Eyes 'The Throne'
From allafrica.com - October 11, 2014
[New Zimbabwe]"When I was approached to come into politics to lead the women, one day I saw a vision of me ruling the heavenly kingdom."


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Africa: Strongmen Thrive on their Ability to Keep People in Fear
From allafrica.com - November 10, 2014
The following is the 2014 Carlos Cardoso Memorial Lecture delivered on Wednesday, November 4, 2014 at the FNB Building, Wits University by Rafael Marques de Morais, publisher of Maka Angola.

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The Gambia is the worst dictatorship you've probably never heard of
From www.pri.org - January 6, 2015
 If you've never heard of The Gambia or its longtime dictator, Yahya Jammeh, you're far from alone.


Central and South America and Carribean


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Guilty of Genocide: Guatemalan Dictator Sentenced to 80 Years in Jail
From www.alternet.org - May 14, 2013 
Ríos Montt was convicted of overseeing the slaughter of more than 1,700 people in Guatemala’s Ixil region.

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With True Courage: Rape Survivors Testify Against Ex-Dictator of Guatemala
From rhrealitycheck.org - April 12, 2013 
Today, in post-conflict Guatemala, there is a war against women. At least two women die daily as a result of femicide, and the crime often includes torture and rape.

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Guatemalan Ex-Dictator Found Guilty of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity
From truth-out.org - May 11, 2013 
Judge Yassmin Barrios handed Montt 80 years in jail.

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Supporters of Guatemalan Ex-Dictator Deny Genocide 
From abcnews.go.com - March 26, 2013
Boing Boing Supporters of Guatemalan Ex-Dictator Deny Genocide ABC News The protesters held signs that read "There was no genocide here" and "Respect to military dignity and historic truth" as speakers blasted Guatemala's national anthem and...

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US sees Guatemala genocide verdict as reconciliation chance 
From timesofindia.indiatimes.com - May 11, 2013
The United States sees Guatemala's genocide conviction of ex-dictator Efrain Rios Montt as a chance for the Central American nation to move toward reconciliation, a US official said Saturday.

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Wall Street Journal says Egypt needs a Pinochet
From www.rawstory.com - July 6, 2013
The Chilean dictator presided over the torture and murder of thousands, yet still the free-market right revers his name
On Friday, the Wall Street Journal published an editorial entitled “After the Coup in Cairo”.

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The Pinochet Miracle: 25 Years Ago, Chile Said ‘No’ to a Brutal Dictator, and He Went Away
From www.takepart.com - June 25, 2013
An American strategist who helped orchestrate the 1988 campaign to oust General Augusto Pinochet remembers the lessons learned and sees them as hopes for today.

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Reagan administration considered offering asylum to Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet
From www.rawstory.com - September 11, 2014
The government of Ronald Reagan was so worried that leftwing opposition to General Augusto Pinochet might erupt into open civil war that in 1986 the US government considered offering political asylum to the Chilean dictator.


Carribbean


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Haitian Ex-Dictator 'Baby Doc' Dead At 63
From www.huffingtonpost.com - October 4, 2014 
PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AP) — Former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier has died of a heart attack. The ex-leader's attorney Reynold Georges says he died at home of a heart attack on Saturday....

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Trujillo
From abagond.wordpress.com - October 31, 2014  
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo (1891-1961), Benefactor of the Fatherland, Saviour of the Fatherland, Father of the Fatherland, Restorer of Financial Independence, Champion of World Peace, Protector of Culture, First Anticommunist of the Americas, Outstanding and Most Illustrious Generalisimo, ruled the Dominican Republic (DR) from 1930 to 1961 through fear, torture, assassination, massacre and genocide.