• Emotions related to hate: Disgust, envy, fear, guilt, distrust, shame, aversion, anger, gloating
  • Neurobiology of hate, prejudice and stereotyping
Neural correlates of hate
Semir Zeki, John Paul Romaya (2008)
PloS one 3 (10) p. e3556
neural_correlates_of_hate.pdf
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Neural correlates of stereotype application.
Jason P Mitchell, Daniel L Ames, Adrianna C Jenkins, 
Mahzarin R Banaji (2009)
Journal of cognitive neuroscience 21 (3) p. 594-604
neural_correlates_of_stereotyping.pdf
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Envy and Gloating

The green-eyed monster and malicious joy: the neuroanatomical bases of envy and gloating (schadenfreude) 
Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory, Yasmin Tibi-Elhanany, and Judith Aharon-Peretz
Brain (2007), 130, 1663-1678 
neuroanatomical_bases_of_envy_and_gloating.pdf
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Spite

Measuring the Distribution of Spitefulness
Kimbrough EO, Reiss JP (2012) Measuring the Distribution of Spitefulness. PLoS ONE 7(8): e41812. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041812

Indignation

Selective functional integration between anterior temporal and 
distinct fronto-mesolimbic regions during guilt and indignation 
Sophie Green, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, Jorge Moll, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, Jordan Grafman, and Roland Zahn
Neuroimage. 2010 October 1; 52(4): 1720–1726. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.038. 
neural_correlates_of_guilt_and_indignation.pdf
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Pride

Picture
Pride and prejudice: Pride impacts racism and homophobia
From medicalxpress.com - February 11, 2013  
A new University of British Columbia study finds that the way individuals experience the universal emotion of pride directly impacts how racist and homophobic their attitudes toward other people are."The kind of pride a leader tends to feel may partly determine whether he or she supports minority-group members or disregards them," says Tracy, a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar.

Disgust and Contempt

Social groups that elicit disgust are differentially processed in mPFC
Lasana T Harris, Susan T Fiske (2007)
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 2 (1) p. 45-51
social_groups_elicit_disgust_processed_in_mpfc.pdf
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Disgust as embodied moral judgment.
Schnall S, Haidt J, Clore GL, Jordan AH. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008 Aug;34(8):1096-109. 
disgust_as_embodied_moral_judgment.pdf
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Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals
Yoel Inbar, David a. Pizarro, Paul Bloom (2009)
Cognition & Emotion 23 (4) p. 714-725
disgust_and_conservatives.pdf
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Does it look painful or disgusting? Ask your parietal and cingulate cortex.
Francesca Benuzzi, Fausta Lui, Davide Duzzi, Paolo F Nichelli, Carlo a Porro (2008) 28 (4) p. 923-31
painful_or_disgusting
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The moral affiliations of disgust: a functional MRI study. 
Moll, J., De Oliveira-Souza, R., Moll, F. T., Ignacio, F. A., Bramati, I. E., Caparelli-Daquer, E. M., & Eslinger, P. J. (2005). 
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 18(1), 68-78. 
moral_affiliations_of_disgust_.pdf
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Sex differences in neural activation to facial expressions denoting contempt and disgust. 
Aleman, A., & Swart, M. (2008). PloS one, 3(11), e3622. 
neural_activation-expressions_contempt_disgust.pdf
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Disgust Enhances the Recollection of Negative Emotional Images
Croucher CJ, Calder AJ, Ramponi C, Barnard PJ, Murphy FC (2011) PLoS ONE 6(11): e26571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026571
A Common Anterior Insula Representation of Disgust Observation, Experience and Imagination Shows Divergent Functional Connectivity Pathways
Jabbi M, Bastiaansen J, Keysers C (2008) 
PLoS ONE 3(8): e2939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002939
Why disgust matters
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011 Dec 12;366(1583):3478-90. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0165.
.Curtis V1.
The new synthesis about disgust is that it is a system that evolved to motivate infectious disease avoidance. There are vital practical and intellectual reasons why we need to understand disgust better. Practically, disgust can be harnessed to combat the behavioural causes of infectious and chronic disease such as diarrhoeal disease, pandemic flu and smoking. Disgust is also a source of much human suffering; it plays an underappreciated role in anxieties and phobias such as obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia and post-traumatic stress syndromes; it is a hidden cost of many occupations such as caring for the sick and dealing with wastes, and self-directed disgust afflicts the lives of many, such as the obese and fistula patients. Disgust is used and abused in society, being both a force for social cohesion and a cause of prejudice and stigmatization of out-groups. This paper argues that a better understanding of disgust, using the new synthesis, offers practical lessons that can enhance human flourishing. Disgust also provides a model system for the study of emotion, one of the most important issues facing the brain and behavioural sciences today.

Blog Posts and Articles on Disgust and Contempt


From: We're Only Human Blog
The Neurology of Contempt
December 13, 2006
By Wray Herbert

From: Cultural Cognition

More on disgust: Both liberals and conservatives *feel* it, but what contribution is it really making to their moral appraisals?
From www.culturalcognition.net - August 7, 2013
Brain-Damaged "Gourmand Syndrome" Foodies Can't Register Your Disgust - VICE (blog)
From motherboard.vice.com - September 24, 2013

Guilt

A dynamic model of guilt: implications for motivation and self-regulation in the context of prejudice.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Jun;18(6):524-30.
Amodio DM1, Devine PG, Harmon-Jones E.
Guilt is widely recognized as an important self-regulatory emotion, yet alternative theoretical accounts view guilt primarily as either a punishment cue or a prosocial motivator. Integrating these views, we propose that guilt functions dynamically to first provide a negative reinforcement cue associated with reduced approach motivation, which transforms into approach-motivated behavior when an opportunity for reparation presents itself. We tested this hypothesis in the context of racial prejudice. White subjects viewed a multiracial series of faces while cortical activity was recorded using electroencephalography. Following bogus feedback indicating anti-Black responses, subjects reported elevated guilt, which was associated with changes in frontal cortical asymmetry indicating reduced approach motivation. When subjects were presented with an opportunity to engage in prejudice-reducing behavior, guilt predicted greater interest in prejudice reduction, which in turn was associated with an approach-related shift in frontal asymmetry. The results support a dynamic model in which guilt is associated with adaptive changes in motivation and behavior.