Understanding and Overcoming Hate
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    • Index of All Topics
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  • Understanding Hate
    • Introduction
    • What is Hate? >
      • Hate as an Emotion >
        • Papers: Hate as an Emotion
      • Hate as a Belief >
        • Papers: Hate as Belief
      • Hate as an Act >
        • Papers: Hate as an Act
      • Hate as a Policy >
        • Papers: Hate as Policy
    • The Roots of Hate >
      • Early Imprints >
        • When Needs are Not Met
        • Papers; Not Meeting Needs
      • What Are We Doing To Our Children? >
        • Children in Dire Circumstances
      • Effects of Trauma and Abuse >
        • Papers: Stress Effects
        • Papers: Trauma Abuse Effects
        • Links: Stress, Trauma Research
      • Causes and Effects of Bullying
      • Trauma, bigotry, violence linked
      • Authoritarian Upbringings >
        • Papers: Authoritarian Roots
        • Papers: SDO and Authoritarianism
      • Absolutism and Insularity >
        • Papers: Absolutism
      • Papers: Early Roots of Prejudice
      • Impaired Cognition >
        • Papers: Impaired Cognition
      • The Violent Brain >
        • Papers: Violent Brain
      • Roots of Violence and Cruelty >
        • Chart: Powderkeg Formula
        • Papers: Roots of Violence
        • Articles and Blog Posts
      • Ghosts of the Past >
        • Ripples of revenge
        • Papers: Ghosts of the Past
    • How Hate Manifests >
      • Chart
      • Everyday Hate >
        • Papers: Social Rejection
        • Papers: Bullying
      • Social Injustice and Discrimination >
        • Papers: Discrimination
        • Papers: Inequality
        • Articles: Inequality Effects
        • Articles: Cognitive Exhaustion
        • "White" Privilege
      • Stereotyping and Caricature >
        • Papers: Stereotyping
        • Stereotyping
      • Prejudice, Racism and Bigotry >
        • Articles and Blog Posts
        • Papers: Prejudice Racism
        • Papers: Skin color and face
        • Papers: InGroup Outgroup
        • Papers: Implicit Bias
        • Evolutionary Issues >
          • More blog posts
      • Dehumanizing >
        • Views about the outsider
        • Papers: Dehumanizing
      • Hate Crimes >
        • Papers: Hate Crimes
      • Hate Groups >
        • Links: Hate Groups Research
        • Papers and news: Hate Groups
      • Abuse of Power >
        • Papers: Abuse of Power
        • Evil Men: Tyrants, Dictators
        • Blogs and news
        • Articles: SDO and RWA
      • Xenophobia >
        • Papers: Xenophobia
      • Collective Rage >
        • Papers: Collective Violence
      • Extremism >
        • Papers: Terrorism
        • Papers: Extremism
      • Cruelty on Mass Scale >
        • Links
        • Papers: Cruelty on mass scale
    • Hate in the News >
      • News: Hate in America
      • News: Hate Trends Worldwide
      • Extremism: Current Trends: News
      • Authoritarianism Trends
    • Group Influence >
      • Search for Belonging >
        • Papers: Search for Belonging
      • Social Cognition and Learning >
        • Papers: Fairness
        • Papers: Social Cognition
      • Group Think >
        • Papers: Intergroup Dynamics
        • Papers: Group Think
      • Status and Stigma >
        • Papers: Status and Stigma
      • Conformity >
        • Papers: Conformity
      • Obedience and Compliance >
        • Papers: Obedience
      • Bystander Effect
    • Social Defenses >
      • Papers: Social Defenses
      • System Justification >
        • Papers: System Justification
      • Projection >
        • Papers: Projection
      • Denial >
        • Papers: Denial
        • Examples of Denial
        • Papers: Denialism
      • Attribution and Comparison >
        • Attribution Fallacies
        • Papers: Attribution
      • Cognitive Dissonance >
        • Papers: Cognitive Dissonance
    • Fanning the Flames >
      • Media and Persuasion
      • Papers: Persuasion
      • Papers: Indoctrination
      • Papers: Hate Speech
      • Papers: Attitude change
      • News: Cyberhate
      • Links
      • Media Effects in the News
      • Persuasion: Blog Posts and Articles
    • How We Fool Ourselves >
      • Mechanisms: Cognitive Biases and Heuristics >
        • Papers: Brain Tricks
        • Biases: Blogs and Articles
        • Biases organized
      • On Being Wrong
      • Probability and Decision-Making Biases >
        • Papers and articles
      • Memory Distortions >
        • Papers: Memory illusions
      • Perceptual Illusions >
        • Papers: Perceptual Illusions
        • Illusions: Blog Posts and Articles
      • Self-Deception >
        • Papers: Self-deception
      • Delusion, Confabulation >
        • Papers: Delusions
        • Papers: False Beliefs
      • Conspiracy Theories
      • Papers: Neural mechanisms mystical states
      • Brain and Spirituality: Articles
    • Brain and Belief >
      • What is a Belief? >
        • Papers: Belief Formation
        • Papers: Automaticity
      • Perception and Processing >
        • Papers: Perception
      • Salience and Tagging >
        • Papers: Salience
        • Papers: Essentialism
      • Creating Categories >
        • Papers: Categorizing
      • Cognitive Unconscious
      • Embodied Cognition >
        • Papers: Embodied Cognition
      • Emotion Cognition Interplay >
        • Papers
      • Creating a Story about the World >
        • Papers: Story Creation
      • Investing in Cherished Beliefs >
        • Papers
      • Identifying Self with Belief >
        • Papers
      • Search for Meaning >
        • Papers: Meaning
    • Search for Certainty >
      • Dogmatic Beliefs
      • Belief Perseverance
      • Papers: Feeling of Knowing
      • Papers: Rigid Dogmatic thinking
    • Index: All Biases, Distortions and Influences
  • Overcoming Hate
    • Overview of Topics
    • Introduction
    • Prevention >
      • Meeting Formative Needs of Children >
        • Papers: Child and Brain Development
        • Papers: nurturing, attachment bonding
        • Links: Development
      • Promoting Parental readiness >
        • Papers
        • Links: Helping Parents
      • Supporting Healthy Families >
        • Papers
      • Enhancing Resilience >
        • Papers
      • Cultivating Empathy and Conscience >
        • Roots of Morality
        • Empathic Imagination
        • Mirror Neurons
        • Empathy Programs
        • Links: Empathy
      • All papers: Morality and Empathy >
        • Papers: Roots of Morality and Conscience
        • Papers: Empathy Altruism Compassion
        • Articles, Posts: Empathy
        • Papers: Moral Decision-Making
        • Papers: Moral Cognition
        • Papers: Mirror Neurons
        • Articles: Prosocial Behavior
      • Long-Term Social Investment >
        • Papers
    • Education >
      • Enhancing Emotional and Social Skills >
        • Papers: Emotional Intelligence
        • Papers: Social Cooperation
        • Links: emotional development
      • Building Reflective Minds >
        • Critical Thinking >
          • Papers: Critical Thinking
        • Metacognition >
          • Papers: Metacognition
        • Perceiving Bias >
          • Papers: Perceiving Bias
        • Creative and Lateral Thinking >
          • Papers: Creative Thinking
        • Mindfulness >
          • Papers: Mindfulness
          • Blogs and articles
        • Interoception >
          • Papers: Interoception
        • Fluid and Flexible >
          • Papers: Fluid Intelligence
      • Cross-cultural Awareness >
        • Links: Cross-Cultural
        • Papers: Cultural Neuroscience
        • Articles: Cultural Awareness
      • Media Awareness >
        • Links
        • Papers
      • Teaching an Honest History >
        • Papers
        • Links: Honest History
      • Civic Engagement and Social Responsibility >
        • Papers
      • Ethics Training >
        • Papers
      • Whole Child Learning >
        • Papers
    • Intervention >
      • Social Support and Inclusion >
        • Papers: Social Support
      • Helping Children in Dire Conditions >
        • Papers: Helping children
      • Preventing Violence and Bullying >
        • Anti-bullying programs and resources
        • Helping At-Risk Kids
        • Papers on helping kids
      • Standing Up To Prejudice, Racism, and Bigotry >
        • Papers: Reducing Prejudice
        • Articles: Reducing Prejudice
        • Papers: Stopping hate crimes
        • Papers: Offsetting Extremism
        • Programs and Projects
        • Hatebraker Examples: News
      • Training Our Protectors >
        • Papers: Training Protectors
      • Healing the Hurt >
        • Papers: Healing Hurt
        • Articles and Blog Posts
      • Educating Our Leaders >
        • Papers: Educating Leaders
      • Resolving Conflict >
        • Papers: Resolving Conflict
        • Programs and articles
      • Israel-Palestine >
        • Papers: Israel-Palestine
        • News and blog posts
      • Promoting Dignity >
        • Links: Human Rights
        • Papers: Human Rights
      • Healing the Ghosts of the Past >
        • Papers: Reconciliation
      • Restorative Justice >
        • Papers: Restorative Justice
      • Confronting Mass Atrocities >
        • Papers: Confronting War Crimes
    • Social Advances >
      • Charters and Declarations
      • Slideshow: Social Advances
      • Links: social advances history
      • Timelines: Social Advances
    • More Solutions >
      • Classroom Tools
      • Organizations
      • Programs and Projects
      • Effective Models
  • Resources
    • Academic Papers: Topic Index
    • Background: Sciences Related to Hate >
      • Related Sciences of Hate
      • Social Psychology Subtopics
      • Brain and Life Sciences
      • New Research Tools
      • Links: Brain Mapping
      • Process of Science
      • What is Good Science?
      • Links: Understanding Science
      • Papers: About Good Science
    • Science Links
    • Timelines of Knowledge >
      • Index of all Pioneers
      • Timeline: Early Pioneers
      • Timeline: Group Psychology
      • Timeline: Prejudice
      • Timeline: Persuasion
      • Timeline: Social Psychology Pioneers
      • Timeline: Authoritarianism
      • Timeline: Scientific bias
    • Researchers and Experts >
      • Developmental Foundations
      • Moral Cognition, Empathy
      • Search for Meaning
      • Search for Belonging
      • Search for Certainty
      • Ghosts of the Past
      • Breaking Cycle of Hate: Solutions
    • Other Research and Studies >
      • Syllabi
      • Bibliographies
      • Our Syllabi
    • Recommendations >
      • Books: Topic Overview >
        • Development
        • Empathy, Morality
        • Brain and Belief
        • Tricks of Mind
        • Stress, Trauma, Violence
        • Prejudice, Racism, Stereotyping
        • Overcoming Prejudice, Racism
        • Historical Insight
        • Human Rights Abuses
        • Seminal Works
      • Journals and Magazines
      • Films and Videos
    • Timeline of Hate >
      • Links: Historical Injustice
      • History of Hate in America: articles
      • Index of Historical Injustice
  • Tools
    • Links: Games and Exercises
    • Self-Awareness Tools >
      • What Parents Can do
      • Learning about our Labels
    • Blog

Click for links to recommended books on overcoming prejudice and hate

Related Books

Noninvasive brain stimulation reduces prejudice scores on an implicit association test.- PubMed - NCBI
From www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 
Neuropsychology. 2011 Mar;25(2):185-92. doi: 10.1037/a0021102. 
Gallate J1, Wong C, Ellwood S, Chi R, Snyder A.

:Inhibiting the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears to have deleterious effects on people's semantic conceptualization, and left ATL damage is associated with semantic dementia. However, little research has investigated whether rTMS can inhibit conceptual schemata that have potentially negative consequences. Our aim was to investigate whether rTMS to the ATLs could reduce scores on a standard measure of prejudice (implicit association test, IAT).

Forty (17 female; mean age 20.6) neurologically normal, right-handed undergraduates participated. Participants were randomly allocated into one of four rTMS stimulation conditions-left ATL, right ATL, control site (motor cortex, Cz), and sham stimulation. All participants completed a modified IAT, where "good" and "bad" words were replaced with "terrorist" and "law-abider" words, and, "Black" and "White" were replaced with "Arab" and "Non-Arab" words. Participants were then given 15 min of rTMS stimulation. Afterward, participants completed a parallel form of the IAT.

RESULTS: To investigate the effects of rTMS on IAT scores, a one-way ANOVA on the difference between pre- and postscores was carried out revealing that there were significant between group differences (F3,36 = 3.57; p = .02). Planned contrasts revealed that both left and right ATL stimulation significantly reduced IAT scores post-stimulation, indicating lower prejudice.

CONCLUSION: We show that prejudice scores can be significantly reduced by inhibitory rTMS delivered to the bilateral ATLs. This may implicate this area in conceptual associations that lead to overgeneralization and stereotyping of social groups.

Short-Term Compassion Training Increases Prosocial 
Behavior in a Newly Developed Prosocial Game 

Susanne Leiberg, Olga Klimecki, Tania Singer
PLoS ONE. March 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 3

short-term_compassion_training.pdf
File Size: 247 kb
File Type: pdf
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Self-Categorization With a Novel Mixed-Race Group Moderates Automatic Social and Racial Biases 
Jay J. Van Bavel and William A. Cunningham  
Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2009 35: 321
self-categorization_with_novel_mixed-race_group.pdf
File Size: 269 kb
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Alternative mechanisms for regulating racial 
responses according to internal vs external cues
 

David M. Amodio, Jennifer T. Kubota, Eddie Harmon-Jones, and Patricia G. Devine
SCAN (2006) 1, 26–36 
mechanisms_for_regulating_racial_responses.pdf
File Size: 282 kb
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Interpersonal Understanding in Historical Context
Edited by Matthias Martens, Ulrike Hartmann, Michael Sauer   
(German Institute for International Educational Research, 
Frankfurt Germany) 
Sense Publishers, 2009

In the spring of 2008, researchers from the United States and Europe gathered at Göttingen University in Germany for a conference on interpersonal and historical understanding. Two days were filled with papers and discussions about how the fields of social and historical thinking are interrelated with regard to educational issues and challenges. Educational scientists, history educators as well as educational and developmental psychologists exchanged their ideas on history as a school subject and its connections to psychological theories on social cognition and civic engagement. 
interpersonal_understanding_program.pdf
File Size: 1177 kb
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Willingness to Intervene in Bullying Episodes Among Middle School Students: Individual and Peer-Group Influences. Espelage, D., Green, H., & Polanin, J. (2011). The Journal of Early Adolescence. 
willingness_to_intervene_in_bullying.pdf
File Size: 324 kb
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Czopp, A. M., & Monteith, M. J. (2003). Confronting prejudice (literally): reactions to confrontations of racial and gender bias. Personality & social psychology bulletin, 29(4), 532–44. doi:10.1177/0146167202250923
confronting_prejudice_literally.pdf
File Size: 142 kb
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Correll, J., Park, B., & Allegra Smith, J. (2008). Colorblind and Multicultural Prejudice Reduction Strategies in High-Conflict Situations. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 11(4), 471–491. doi:10.1177/1368430208095401
On the Self-Regulation of Implicit and Explicit Prejudice: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective 
Lisa Legault, Isabelle Green-Demers, Protius Grant, Joyce Chung
PSPB, May 2007. Vol. 33 No. 5,  732-749 
self-regulation_of_prejudice.pdf
File Size: 192 kb
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Can Emotion Regulation Change Political Attitudes in Intractable Conflicts? From the Laboratory to the Field
Eran Halperin, Roni Porat, Maya Tamir, and James J. Gross
(Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, The Hebrew University, and Stanford University) 
Psychological Science. 2013. 24(2) 106–11. DOI: 10.1177/0956797612452572
can_emotion_regulation_change_political_attitudes_in_intractable_conflicts
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Perspective and Prejudice: Antecedents and Mediating Mechanisms 
John F. Dovidio, Marleen ten Vergert, Tracie L. Stewart, Samuel L. Gaertner, James D. Johnson, Victoria M. Esses, Blake M. Riek, Adam R. Pearson PSPB, December 2004. Vol. 30 No. 12, 1537-1549 
perspective_and_prejudice.pdf
File Size: 155 kb
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On the Malleability of Automatic Attitudes: Combating Automatic 
Prejudice With Images of Admired and Disliked Individuals
 

Nilanjana Dasgupta, Anthony G. Greenwald 
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001. Vol. 81. No. 5. 800-814 
combat_automatic_reactions.pdf
File Size: 3181 kb
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Prejudice Reduction: What Works? A Review and Assessment of Research and Practice
Elizabeth Levy Paluck and Donald P. GreenAnnu. Rev. Psychol. 2009. 60:339–6
prejudice_reduction-what_works.pdf
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Assessment of an Intervention on Social Behavior, Intragroup Relations, Self-concept and Prejudiced  Cognitions during Adolescence 
Maite Garaigordobil Landazabal
International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 2002, Vol. 2, Nº 1, pp. 1-22 

assessment-intervention_intragroup_relations.pdf
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Perceptual Other-Race Training Reduces Implicit Racial Bias 
Sophie Lebrecht, Lara J. Pierce, Michael J. Tarr1, James W. Tanaka
PLoSONE. January 2009. Volume 4. Issue 1

other-race_training_reduces_racial_bias.pdf
File Size: 211 kb
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Reducing Prejudice: Lessons From Social‐Cognitive Factors Underlying Perceiver Differences in Prejudice
SR Levy. Journal of Social Issues. Vol. 55. No. 4. 1999. pp. 745-765 
reducing_prejudice-social_cognitive_factors.pdf
File Size: 87 kb
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BOOK: Character Education: Overcoming Prejudice 
Tracey Baptiste (2009) Infobase Publishing 
overcoming_prejudice.pdf
File Size: 7491 kb
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Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences/J Exp Psychol Gen. 2014
From www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov - April 26, 2014
Many methods for reducing implicit prejudice have been identified, but little is known about their relative effectiveness. We held a research contest to experimentally compare interventions for reducing the expression of implicit racial prejudice. Teams submitted 17 interventions that were tested an average of 3.70 times each in 4 studies (total N = 17,021), with rules for revising interventions between studies. Eight of 17 interventions were effective at reducing implicit preferences for Whites compared with Blacks, particularly ones that provided experience with counterstereotypical exemplars, used evaluative conditioning methods, and provided strategies to override biases. The other 9 interventions were ineffective, particularly ones that engaged participants with others' perspectives, asked participants to consider egalitarian values, or induced a positive emotion. The most potent interventions were ones that invoked high self-involvement or linked Black people with positivity and White people with negativity. No intervention consistently reduced explicit racial preferences. Furthermore, intervention effectiveness only weakly extended to implicit preferences for Asians and Hispanics