Understanding and Overcoming Hate
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    • Index of All Topics
    • Index of All Links
    • Links to all slideshows
  • Understanding Hate
    • Introduction
    • What is Hate? >
      • Hate as an Emotion >
        • Papers: Hate as an Emotion
      • Hate as a Belief >
        • Papers: Hate as Belief
      • Hate as an Act >
        • Papers: Hate as an Act
      • Hate as a Policy >
        • Papers: Hate as Policy
    • The Roots of Hate >
      • Early Imprints >
        • When Needs are Not Met
        • Papers; Not Meeting Needs
      • What Are We Doing To Our Children? >
        • Children in Dire Circumstances
      • Effects of Trauma and Abuse >
        • Papers: Stress Effects
        • Papers: Trauma Abuse Effects
        • Links: Stress, Trauma Research
      • Causes and Effects of Bullying
      • Trauma, bigotry, violence linked
      • Authoritarian Upbringings >
        • Papers: Authoritarian Roots
        • Papers: SDO and Authoritarianism
      • Absolutism and Insularity >
        • Papers: Absolutism
      • Papers: Early Roots of Prejudice
      • Impaired Cognition >
        • Papers: Impaired Cognition
      • The Violent Brain >
        • Papers: Violent Brain
      • Roots of Violence and Cruelty >
        • Chart: Powderkeg Formula
        • Papers: Roots of Violence
        • Articles and Blog Posts
      • Ghosts of the Past >
        • Ripples of revenge
        • Papers: Ghosts of the Past
    • How Hate Manifests >
      • Chart
      • Everyday Hate >
        • Papers: Social Rejection
        • Papers: Bullying
      • Social Injustice and Discrimination >
        • Papers: Discrimination
        • Papers: Inequality
        • Articles: Inequality Effects
        • Articles: Cognitive Exhaustion
        • "White" Privilege
      • Stereotyping and Caricature >
        • Papers: Stereotyping
        • Stereotyping
      • Prejudice, Racism and Bigotry >
        • Articles and Blog Posts
        • Papers: Prejudice Racism
        • Papers: Skin color and face
        • Papers: InGroup Outgroup
        • Papers: Implicit Bias
        • Evolutionary Issues >
          • More blog posts
      • Dehumanizing >
        • Views about the outsider
        • Papers: Dehumanizing
      • Hate Crimes >
        • Papers: Hate Crimes
      • Hate Groups >
        • Links: Hate Groups Research
        • Papers and news: Hate Groups
      • Abuse of Power >
        • Papers: Abuse of Power
        • Evil Men: Tyrants, Dictators
        • Blogs and news
        • Articles: SDO and RWA
      • Xenophobia >
        • Papers: Xenophobia
      • Collective Rage >
        • Papers: Collective Violence
      • Extremism >
        • Papers: Terrorism
        • Papers: Extremism
      • Cruelty on Mass Scale >
        • Links
        • Papers: Cruelty on mass scale
    • Hate in the News >
      • News: Hate in America
      • News: Hate Trends Worldwide
      • Extremism: Current Trends: News
      • Authoritarianism Trends
    • Group Influence >
      • Search for Belonging >
        • Papers: Search for Belonging
      • Social Cognition and Learning >
        • Papers: Fairness
        • Papers: Social Cognition
      • Group Think >
        • Papers: Intergroup Dynamics
        • Papers: Group Think
      • Status and Stigma >
        • Papers: Status and Stigma
      • Conformity >
        • Papers: Conformity
      • Obedience and Compliance >
        • Papers: Obedience
      • Bystander Effect
    • Social Defenses >
      • Papers: Social Defenses
      • System Justification >
        • Papers: System Justification
      • Projection >
        • Papers: Projection
      • Denial >
        • Papers: Denial
        • Examples of Denial
        • Papers: Denialism
      • Attribution and Comparison >
        • Attribution Fallacies
        • Papers: Attribution
      • Cognitive Dissonance >
        • Papers: Cognitive Dissonance
    • Fanning the Flames >
      • Media and Persuasion
      • Papers: Persuasion
      • Papers: Indoctrination
      • Papers: Hate Speech
      • Papers: Attitude change
      • News: Cyberhate
      • Links
      • Media Effects in the News
      • Persuasion: Blog Posts and Articles
    • How We Fool Ourselves >
      • Mechanisms: Cognitive Biases and Heuristics >
        • Papers: Brain Tricks
        • Biases: Blogs and Articles
        • Biases organized
      • On Being Wrong
      • Probability and Decision-Making Biases >
        • Papers and articles
      • Memory Distortions >
        • Papers: Memory illusions
      • Perceptual Illusions >
        • Papers: Perceptual Illusions
        • Illusions: Blog Posts and Articles
      • Self-Deception >
        • Papers: Self-deception
      • Delusion, Confabulation >
        • Papers: Delusions
        • Papers: False Beliefs
      • Conspiracy Theories
      • Papers: Neural mechanisms mystical states
      • Brain and Spirituality: Articles
    • Brain and Belief >
      • What is a Belief? >
        • Papers: Belief Formation
        • Papers: Automaticity
      • Perception and Processing >
        • Papers: Perception
      • Salience and Tagging >
        • Papers: Salience
        • Papers: Essentialism
      • Creating Categories >
        • Papers: Categorizing
      • Cognitive Unconscious
      • Embodied Cognition >
        • Papers: Embodied Cognition
      • Emotion Cognition Interplay >
        • Papers
      • Creating a Story about the World >
        • Papers: Story Creation
      • Investing in Cherished Beliefs >
        • Papers
      • Identifying Self with Belief >
        • Papers
      • Search for Meaning >
        • Papers: Meaning
    • Search for Certainty >
      • Dogmatic Beliefs
      • Belief Perseverance
      • Papers: Feeling of Knowing
      • Papers: Rigid Dogmatic thinking
    • Index: All Biases, Distortions and Influences
  • Overcoming Hate
    • Overview of Topics
    • Introduction
    • Prevention >
      • Meeting Formative Needs of Children >
        • Papers: Child and Brain Development
        • Papers: nurturing, attachment bonding
        • Links: Development
      • Promoting Parental readiness >
        • Papers
        • Links: Helping Parents
      • Supporting Healthy Families >
        • Papers
      • Enhancing Resilience >
        • Papers
      • Cultivating Empathy and Conscience >
        • Roots of Morality
        • Empathic Imagination
        • Mirror Neurons
        • Empathy Programs
        • Links: Empathy
      • All papers: Morality and Empathy >
        • Papers: Roots of Morality and Conscience
        • Papers: Empathy Altruism Compassion
        • Articles, Posts: Empathy
        • Papers: Moral Decision-Making
        • Papers: Moral Cognition
        • Papers: Mirror Neurons
        • Articles: Prosocial Behavior
      • Long-Term Social Investment >
        • Papers
    • Education >
      • Enhancing Emotional and Social Skills >
        • Papers: Emotional Intelligence
        • Papers: Social Cooperation
        • Links: emotional development
      • Building Reflective Minds >
        • Critical Thinking >
          • Papers: Critical Thinking
        • Metacognition >
          • Papers: Metacognition
        • Perceiving Bias >
          • Papers: Perceiving Bias
        • Creative and Lateral Thinking >
          • Papers: Creative Thinking
        • Mindfulness >
          • Papers: Mindfulness
          • Blogs and articles
        • Interoception >
          • Papers: Interoception
        • Fluid and Flexible >
          • Papers: Fluid Intelligence
      • Cross-cultural Awareness >
        • Links: Cross-Cultural
        • Papers: Cultural Neuroscience
        • Articles: Cultural Awareness
      • Media Awareness >
        • Links
        • Papers
      • Teaching an Honest History >
        • Papers
        • Links: Honest History
      • Civic Engagement and Social Responsibility >
        • Papers
      • Ethics Training >
        • Papers
      • Whole Child Learning >
        • Papers
    • Intervention >
      • Social Support and Inclusion >
        • Papers: Social Support
      • Helping Children in Dire Conditions >
        • Papers: Helping children
      • Preventing Violence and Bullying >
        • Anti-bullying programs and resources
        • Helping At-Risk Kids
        • Papers on helping kids
      • Standing Up To Prejudice, Racism, and Bigotry >
        • Papers: Reducing Prejudice
        • Articles: Reducing Prejudice
        • Papers: Stopping hate crimes
        • Papers: Offsetting Extremism
        • Programs and Projects
        • Hatebraker Examples: News
      • Training Our Protectors >
        • Papers: Training Protectors
      • Healing the Hurt >
        • Papers: Healing Hurt
        • Articles and Blog Posts
      • Educating Our Leaders >
        • Papers: Educating Leaders
      • Resolving Conflict >
        • Papers: Resolving Conflict
        • Programs and articles
      • Israel-Palestine >
        • Papers: Israel-Palestine
        • News and blog posts
      • Promoting Dignity >
        • Links: Human Rights
        • Papers: Human Rights
      • Healing the Ghosts of the Past >
        • Papers: Reconciliation
      • Restorative Justice >
        • Papers: Restorative Justice
      • Confronting Mass Atrocities >
        • Papers: Confronting War Crimes
    • Social Advances >
      • Charters and Declarations
      • Slideshow: Social Advances
      • Links: social advances history
      • Timelines: Social Advances
    • More Solutions >
      • Classroom Tools
      • Organizations
      • Programs and Projects
      • Effective Models
  • Resources
    • Academic Papers: Topic Index
    • Background: Sciences Related to Hate >
      • Related Sciences of Hate
      • Social Psychology Subtopics
      • Brain and Life Sciences
      • New Research Tools
      • Links: Brain Mapping
      • Process of Science
      • What is Good Science?
      • Links: Understanding Science
      • Papers: About Good Science
    • Science Links
    • Timelines of Knowledge >
      • Index of all Pioneers
      • Timeline: Early Pioneers
      • Timeline: Group Psychology
      • Timeline: Prejudice
      • Timeline: Persuasion
      • Timeline: Social Psychology Pioneers
      • Timeline: Authoritarianism
      • Timeline: Scientific bias
    • Researchers and Experts >
      • Developmental Foundations
      • Moral Cognition, Empathy
      • Search for Meaning
      • Search for Belonging
      • Search for Certainty
      • Ghosts of the Past
      • Breaking Cycle of Hate: Solutions
    • Other Research and Studies >
      • Syllabi
      • Bibliographies
      • Our Syllabi
    • Recommendations >
      • Books: Topic Overview >
        • Development
        • Empathy, Morality
        • Brain and Belief
        • Tricks of Mind
        • Stress, Trauma, Violence
        • Prejudice, Racism, Stereotyping
        • Overcoming Prejudice, Racism
        • Historical Insight
        • Human Rights Abuses
        • Seminal Works
      • Journals and Magazines
      • Films and Videos
    • Timeline of Hate >
      • Links: Historical Injustice
      • History of Hate in America: articles
      • Index of Historical Injustice
  • Tools
    • Links: Games and Exercises
    • Self-Awareness Tools >
      • What Parents Can do
      • Learning about our Labels
    • Blog
Picture
  • Roots of Antisocial Behavior
  • Neurobiology of callousness and conduct disorder
  • Effects of empathy deficits

Neural foundations to moral reasoning and antisocial behavior. 
Raine, A., & Yang, Y. (2006). Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 1(3), 203-213. 

neural_foundations_to_moral_reasoning_and_antisocial_behavior.pdf
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Atypical empathic responses in adolescents with aggressive conduct disorder: a functional MRI investigation.
Decety, J., Michalska, K. J., Akitsuki, Y., & Lahey, B. B. (2009). Biological Psychology, 80(2), 203-211.

atypical_empathy_in_teens_with_conduct_disorder.pdf
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Empathy and Emotional Responsiveness in Delinquent and Non-delinquent Adolescents
Ross Robinson, William L. Roberts, Janet Strayer, Ray Koopman (2007) Social Development 16 (3) p. 555-579
empathy_and_delinquency.pdf
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Developmental Precursors of Moral Disengagement and the Role 
of Moral Disengagement in the Development of Antisocial 
Behavior 

Luke W. Hyde, Daniel S. Shaw, Kristin L. Moilanen 

J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 February ; 38(2): 197–209.
developmental_precursors_of_moral_disengagement.pdf
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Understanding development and prevention of chronic physical aggression: towards experimental epigenetic studies. (2008). Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological sciences, 363(1503), 2613-2622.
epigenetic_model_of_aggression.pdf
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Association of Prenatal and Childhood Blood Lead Concentrations with Criminal Arrests in Early Adulthood
Wright JP, Dietrich KN, Ris MD, Hornung RW, Wessel SD, et al. (2008) 

PLoS Med 5(5): e101. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050101

Early Trauma and Increased Risk for Physical Aggression during Adulthood: The Moderating Role of MAOA Genotype
Frazzetto G, Di Lorenzo G, Carola V, Proietti L, Sokolowska E, et al. (2007) 

PLoS ONE 2(5): e486. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000486

Brain Serotonin Synthesis in Adult Males Characterized by Physical Aggression during Childhood: A 21-Year Longitudinal Study
Booij L, Tremblay RE, Leyton M, Séguin JR, Vitaro F, et al. (2010) 

PLoS ONE 5(6): e11255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011255

Neurological and Behavioral Consequences of Childhood Lead Exposure
Bellinger DC (2008) 

PLoS Med 5(5): e115.doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050115

Association of Prenatal and Childhood Blood Lead Concentrations with Criminal Arrests in Early Adulthood
Wright JP, Dietrich KN, Ris MD, Hornung RW, Wessel SD, et al. (2008) 

PLoS Med 5(5): e101. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050101

Decreased Brain Volume in Adults with Childhood Lead Exposure
Cecil KM, Brubaker CJ, Adler CM, Dietrich KN, Altaye M, et al. (2008) 

PLoS Med 5(5): e112. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050112

Serotonergic Contribution to Boys' Behavioral Regulation
Nantel-Vivier A, Pihl RO, Young SN, Parent S, Bélanger SA, et al. (2011) PLoS ONE 6(6): e20304. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020304


The Association of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 with Behavioural Problems in Childhood
Tolppanen A-M, Sayers A, Fraser WD, Lewis G, Zammit S, et al. (2012) 

PLoS ONE 7(7): e40097. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040097

Neurobiology of empathy and callousness: implications for the development of antisocial behavior. 
Shirtcliff, E. A., Vitacco, M. J., Graf, A. R., Gostisha, A. J., Merz, J. L., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2009). Behavioral sciences the law, 27(2), 137-171. 


neurobiology_of_empathy_and_callousness.pdf
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Neural mechanisms of aggression 
Randy J. Nelson and Brian C. Trainor
Nature.  JULY 2007. VOLUME 8 
neural_mechanisms_of_aggression.pdf
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The 'antisocial' person: an insight in to biology, classification and current evidence on treatment 
Chaturaka Rodrigo, Senaka Rajapakse and Gamini Jayananda
Annals of General Psychiatry 2010, 9:31 
anti-social.pdf
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Distortions of mind perception in psychopathology 
Kurt Gray, Adrianna C. Jenkins, Andrea S. Heberlein, and Daniel M. Wegner
PNAS | January 11, 2011 | vol. 108 | no. 2 | 477479 

distortions_of_perception_in_psychopathology.pdf
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Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: 
a meta-analysis 

Abigail A. Marsh* and R. J. R. Blair 
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 ; 32(3): 454–465. 

deficits_in_facial_affect_recognition_in_antisocial.pdf
File Size: 429 kb
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Is the Association between General Cognitive Ability and Violent Crime Caused by Family-Level Confounders?
Frisell T, Pawitan Y, Långström N (2012) 

PLoS ONE 7(7): e41783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041783

Trans Fat Consumption and Aggression
Golomb BA, Evans MA, White HL, Dimsdale JE (2012) 

PLoS ONE 7(3): e32175.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032175

Aggression in Low Functioning Children and Adolescents with Autistic Disorder
Bronsard G, Botbol M, Tordjman S (2010) 

PLoS ONE 5(12):e14358. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014358

The Dopamine Transporter Gene, a Spectrum of Most Common Risky Behaviors, and the Legal Status of the Behaviors
Guo G, Cai T, Guo R, Wang H, Harris KM (2010) 

PLoS ONE 5(2): e9352. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009352

A Behavioral Test of Accepting Benefits that Cost Others: Associations with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotionality
Sakai JT, Dalwani MS, Gelhorn HL, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Crowley TJ (2012) 

PLoS ONE 7(4): e36158. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036158

Peripheral SLC6A4 DNA Methylation Is Associated with In Vivo Measures of Human Brain Serotonin Synthesis and Childhood Physical Aggression
Wang D, Szyf M, Benkelfat C, Provençal N, Turecki G, et al. (2012) 

PLoS ONE 7(6): e39501. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039501